|
A signing statement is a written pronouncement issued by the President of the United States upon the signing of a bill into law. They are usually printed along with the bill in United States Code Congressional and Administrative News (USCCAN). During the administration of President George W. Bush, there was a controversy over the President's use of signing statements, which critics charged was unusually extensive and modified the meaning of statutes. The practice predates the Bush administration, however, and has since been continued by the Obama administration. In July 2006, a task force of the American Bar Association stated that the use of signing statements to modify the meaning of duly enacted laws serves to "undermine the rule of law and our constitutional system of separation of powers". == Types == A study released by then-Assistant Attorney General Walter Dellinger (1993–1996) grouped signing statements into three categories:〔(The Legal Significance of Presidential Signing Statements ), November 3, 1993, By Walter Dellinger, Assistant Attorney General on the Department of Justice website.〕 * Constitutional: asserts that the law is constitutionally defective in order to guide executive agencies in limiting its implementation; * Political: defines vague terms in the law to guide executive agencies in its implementation as written; * Rhetorical: uses the signing of the bill to mobilize political constituencies. In recent usage, the phrase "signing statement" has referred mostly to statements relating to constitutional matters that direct executive agencies to apply the law according to the president's interpretation of the Constitution. The "non-signing statement" is a related method that some presidents have used to express concerns about certain provisions in a bill without vetoing it.〔Ross Wilson, A Third Way: The Presidential Non-Signing Statement, http://ssrn.com/abstract=1593862〕 With the non-signing statement, presidents announce their reasons for declining to sign, while allowing the bill to become law unsigned. The U.S. Constitution allows such enactments by default: if the President does not sign the bill, it becomes law after ten days, excepting Sundays, "unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return..."〔U.S. Const. art. I, § 7〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Signing statement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|